Andes Ceque KML

andes ceque
Andes Ceque
Huaca Prieta to Apu Illimani Ceque
Selected Results
Links
Download the KML to view all the placemarks.
Ancient Monuments in Google Earth 10 MB KML file:  archaeogeodesy.kml
Spanning the globe, more than 16,000 placemarks in one file.
Andes Archaeogeodesy Web Pages:
Machupicchu Archaeogeodesy
Chavin de Huantar Archaeogeodesy
Casma-Sechin Archaeogeodesy
KML files displaying study results:
Machupicchu Archaeogeodesy:  machupicchu.kml
Chavin de Huantar Archaeogeodesy:  chavin.kml
Casma-Sechin Archaeogeodesy:  sechin.kml
Research Application:
ArchaeoGeodesy XLS, an Excel spreadsheet with other astronomy and geodesy related functions, examines the geodetic relationships of three sites with built-in coordinates for 8,000 mounds, pyramids, monuments, and other ancient sites worldwide:  archaeogeodesy.xls
Cite as Andes Ceque KML - https://jqjacobs.net/kml/andes_ceque.kml - with access date.
©2026 James Q. Jacobs   -  Contacts and Permissions

chhha-machk-ailli
Chavin A - Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS
great circle bearings @ machk = 180.121°
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
chhla-intih-ailli arcs ratio @ chhla = 1.0 : 0.499994 (-8m)
Chavin Portal - Intiwatana UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
chhap-mapic-ailli arcs ratio @ chhap = 1.0 : 0.500004 (+5m)
Chavin Plaza Circular - Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS
chhpc-machk-ailli arcs ratio @ chhpc = 1.0 : 0.500002 (+3m)
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Kallanka - Apu Illimani GPS
hluna-machk-ailli great circle bearings @ machk = 179.994°
Huaca del Sol centerline - Intipunku UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
hdscl-intiu-ailli great circle bearings @ intiu = 180.002°

chhpc-intih
Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM

hluna-maccr
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Carved Rock
latitude ratio @ maccr = 1.0 : 0.618036 (+3m)
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Carved Rock - Apu Illimani GPS
hluna-maccr-ailli great circle bearings @ maccr = 179.995°
Huaca de la Luna - Chavin Portal - Apu Illimani GPS
hluna-chhap-ailli arcs ratio @ ailli = 1.0 : 0.833327 (-10m)
Web Archive

hprie-intih-ailli
Huaca Prieta - Intiwatana UTM - Apu Illimani GPS
hprie-intih-ailli great circle bearings @ intih = 180.205°
Huaca Prieta - Montaña Machupicchu - Apu Illimani GPS
hprie-mmapi-ailli great circle bearings @ mmapi = 180.089°
Huaca Prieta - Salkantay GPS - Garopaba Sambaqui
hprie-salka-garop great circle bearings @ salka = 180.096°
Huaca Prieta - Kalasasaya Gateway - Garopaba Sambaqui
hprie-kalag-garop arcs ratio @ garop = 1.0 : 0.618037 (+13m)
Véronique Debord-Lazaro - Creative Commons
Web Archive

hdscl-mapwa-pluna
Huaca del Sol centerline - Machupicchu Wayrona - Puerto de la Luna
Huaca del Sol - Intiwatana UTM - Lakakollu
hdsol-intih-lakak e-w ratio @ intih = 1.0 : 0.599989 (-8m)
Web Archive

hprie-akapp-pumas
Huaca Prieta - Akapana - Pumasillo
ovo = 0.615187 orbits per venus orbit
Huaca Prieta - Lakakollu - Pumasillo
hprie-lakak-pumas arcs ratio @ hprie = 1.0 : 0.615382 (-4m)
hprie-lakak-pumas arcs ratio @ hprie = 13.00006 : 8.0 (-4m)
Chan Chan Bandelier - Llactapata A - Lakakollu
ccban-llaca-lakak n-s ratio @ ccban = 1.0 : 0.600009 (+9m)

hprie-pucar-tarat
Huaca Prieta - Pucara - Nevado Tarata GE
ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day
Huaca Prieta - Kalasasaya Monolith El Fraile - Veronica Summit
hprie-kalam-veros arcs ratio @ kalam = 1.0 : 0.366011 (+2m)
Note: the Tarata Summit coordinates margin of error remains uncertain.
See the apus folder below wherein a nevado tarata folder contains some materials and discussion of the methodology used to determine the tarat datum.
jqjacobs.net/andes/

hluna-pucar-pumas
Huaca de la Luna - Pucara - Pumasillo
rn = 27.2867255 rotations per lunar nodal period

pucar-kalas-pumas
Pucara - Kalasasaya Sunken Court - Pumasillo
ol = 0.074801 orbits per lunar orbit
Wikimedia Commons

hdsol-machw-pucar
Huaca del Sol - Machupicchu Windows - Pucara
ol = 0.074801 orbits per lunar orbit

hdscl-macpr-pucar
Huaca del Sol centerline - Machupicchu Residence - Pucara
dn = 27.212221 days per lunar nodal period
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Portal - Pucara
hluna-mappo-pucar n-s ratio @ pucar = 1.0 : 0.272144 (+17m)

macpr-tarat
Machupicchu Residence - Tarata Summit

hdsbl-tarat-ailli
Huaca del Sol baseline - Tarata Summit - Apu Illimani GPS
dl = 27.321666 days per lunar orbit
Huaca del Sol baseline - Sacred Rock - Apu Illimani GPS
hdsbl-mpsar-ailli great circle bearings @ mpsar = 179.991°
Ancient Monument Latitudes Evidence Accurate Astronomy
Huaca del Sol, another of the largest New World monuments, is intersected by the arc tangent one-seventh latitude (atan 1/7 = 8.1301°). Huaca del Sol arose along the Rio Moche between 0 and 600 C.E. Most of the Huaca del Sol construction dates from 200 to 400 A.D. Per Hastings and Moseley, "Measuring at least 342 m by more than 159 m, Huaca del Sol was the largest brick structure in South America." Following the Moche era, the Chimor culture built the largest prehistoric city in South America at nearby Chan-Chan.
Most of Huaca del Sol was eroded historically by grave robbers channeling the adjacent Moche river. ....

hdsbl-hpoto
Huaca del Sol baseline - Huayna Potosi
latitude ratio = 1.0 : 0.500000
Huaca del Sol centerline - Huayna Potosi
hdscl-hpoto latitude ratio = 1.0 : 0.500006 (+12m)
Huaca del Sol centerline - Moray Terraces - Huayna Potosi
hdscl-morat-hpoto arcs ratio @ hpoto = 1.0 : 0.365998 (-17m)
ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day
hdscl-morat-hpoto great circle bearings @ morat = 180.169°

hprie-mapic-hpoto
Huaca Prieta - Machupicchu Courtyard - Huayna Potosi

hdscl-mwayn-hpoto
Huaca del Sol centerline - Waynapicchu - Huayna Potosi
phi squared = 2.618034

hprie-chhla-tarat
Huaca Prieta - Chavin Lanzon - Tarata Summit
do = 365.256392 days per orbit
dy = 365.242257 days per year
Huaca del Sol centerline - Tarata Summit
hdscl-tarat arc : e-w @ tarat = 1.0 : 1.27323 (-3m)
hdscl-tarat arc : e-w @ tarat = pi : 3.999961 (-3m)

chhha-mpsar-tarat
Chavin A - Sacred Rock - Tarata Summit
lr = 0.0365011 lunar orbits per rotation
Chavin Lanzon - Intiwatana UTM - Tarata Summit
chhla-intih-tarat arcs ratio @ tarat = 1.0 : 0.365020 (+4m)
Huaca del Sol - Chavin A - Tarata Summit
hdsol-chhha-tarat arcs ratio @ hdsol = 1.0 : 0.600005 (+2m)

hdscl-mapwa-wants
Huaca del Sol centerline - Machupicchu Wayrona - Wantsan
lr = 0.0365011 lunar orbits per rotation
Huaca del Sol centerline - Machupicchu Kallanka - Wantsan
hdscl-machk-wants arcs ratio @ wants = 1.0 : 0.365022 (+8m)
Huaca del Sol centerline - Machupicchu Carved Rock - Wantsan
hdscl-maccr-wants arcs ratio @ wants = 1.0 : 0.365000 (-7m)

hcavi-macht-tarat
Huaca Cao Viejo - Machupicchu Torreon - Tarata Summit
Huaca Prieta - Chavin Lanzon - Tarata Summit
hprie-chhla-tarat arcs ratio @ tarat = 1.0 : 0.365249 (+3m)
dy = 365.242257 days per year

hluna-mapic-ailli
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Courtyard - Apu Illimani GPS
great circle bearings at mapic = 179.973°
Huaca de la Luna - Sacred Rock - Apu Illimani GPS
hluna-mpsar-ailli great circle bearings @ mpsar = 179.995°

hcort-chhpc-intih
Huaca Cortada - Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM
great circle bearings @ chhpc = 180.143°

hluna-chhap-maccr
Huaca de la Luna - Chavin Portal - Machupicchu Carved Rock
Huaca de la Luna - Chavin de Huantar A - Machupicchu Petroglyph
hluna-chhha-machp arcs ratio @ chhha = 1.0 : 0.400000 (-0.2m)
Huaca de la Luna - Machupicchu Carved Rock
hluna-maccr latitude ratio = 1.0 : 0.618036 (+3m)

hdsol-mwayn-kalap
Huaca del Sol - Waynapicchu - Kalasasaya Portal

hdsol-intim-kalap
Huaca del Sol - Intimachay - Kalasasaya Portal
Tiwanaku, Photo Gallery and Articles

hluna-hpgcu-pupup
Huaca de la Luna - Gran Caverna UTM - Puma Punku

hdsol-intih-lakak
Huaca del Sol - Intiwatana UTM - Lakakollu
Huaca de la Luna - Montaña Machupicchu - Kalasasaya Gateway
hluna-mmapi-kalag e-w ratio @ hluna = 1.0 : 0.625010 (+12m)

hdsbl-salka-kalas
Huaca del Sol baseline - Salkantay GPS - Kalasasaya Sunken Court

viruh-chhpc-mmapi
Viru Huaca - Chavin Plaza Circular - Montaña Machupicchu

hsoln-huani-ailli
Huaca del Sol North - Huanuco Pampa Inkawasi - Apu Illimani GPS
great circle bearings @ huani = 179.802°
Huaca del Sol - Huanuco Pampa Inkawasi - Apu Illimani GPS
hdsol-huani-ailli arcs ratio @ hdsol = 1.0 : 0.199986 (-22m)

chhpq-huapu-mwayn
Chavin Plaza - Huanuco Pampa Ushnu - Waynapicchu
mn = 0.921493 moons per lunar nodal period
em = 0.085196 eclipse nodal intervals per moon
en = 0.078507 eclipse nodal intervals per nodal period
Chavin Plaza - Huanuco Pampa Kallanka - Waynapicchu
chhpq-huapk-mwayn arcs ratio @ chhpq = 1.0 : 0.078827 (+3m)
el = 0.078823 eclipse nodal intervals per lunar orbit
Huánuco Pampa
At Wanuku Pampa the immense rectangular plaza measured 550m by 350m ... The City covered about 2 km2, within which more than 4,000 buildings were erected. ... sections of Wanuku Pampa display rare, finely cut and fitted, Imperial Inca style masonry ... The ushnu is the main central plaza which is a solid platform constructed out of Imperial Inca style masonry.

quena-chhla-intiu
Queneto A - Chavin Lanzon - Intipunku UTM
ol = 0.074801 orbits per lunar orbit
great circle bearings @ chhla = 180.159°
Queneto A - Chavin Plaza Circular - Sacred Rock
quena-chhpc-mpsar arcs ratio @ mpsar = 1.0 : 0.745009 (-7m)
on = 0.074502 orbits per lunar nodal period
Queneto Monolith- Chavin Plaza Circular - Intiwatana UTM
quenm-chhpc-intih arcs ratio @ intih = 1.0 : 0.745031 (+13m)
Queneto A - Montaña Machupicchu - Apu Illimani GPS
quena-mmapi-ailli great circle bearings @ mmapi = 180.022°

tomav-chhpc-mpsar
Tomaval - Chavin Plaza Circular - Sacred Rock
Tomaval - Chavin Plaza - Intimachay
tomav-chhpq-intim e-w ratio @ intim = 1.0 : 0.748010 (-2m)

uinti-amant-kalag
Urubamba Intiwatana GPS - Amantani - Kalasasaya Gateway
dy = 365.242257 days per year

garopaba sambaqui
The Garopaba Sambaqui is the largest shell mound, one of a complex of surrounding shell mounds along the Atlantic coast. Only the results for Garopaba are included herein.
Sambaquis from the Southern Brazilian Coast: Landscape Building
and Enduring Heterarchical Societies throughout the Holocene
Monumental Shell Mounds as Persistent Places in Southern Coastal Brazil

hprie-kalag-garop
Huaca Prieta - Kalasasaya Gateway - Garopaba Sambaqui
Waynapicchu - Sillustani Stone Tower I - Puma Punku
mwayn-sils1-pupup e-w ratio @ mwayn = 1.0 : 0.618027 (-3m)
mwayn-sils1-pupup e-w ratio @ sils1 = 1.0 : 0.618052 (+5m)
mwayn-sils1-pupup e-w ratio @ pupup = 1.0 : 2.617987 (+3m)
phi squared = 2.618034
Largest shell mound in the Santa Catarina area, in volume nearly equal to Monks Mound.
Wikimedia Commons

pupup-garop-tarat
Puma Punku - Garopaba Sambaqui - Tarata Summit
nr = 0.0366479 lunar nodal periods per rotation

mpsar-ailli-garop
Sacred Rock - Apu Illimani GPS - Garopaba Sambaqui
yd = 0.0027379 years per day

hdsol-mmapi-garop
Huaca del Sol - Montaña Machupicchu - Garopaba Sambaqui
rn = 27.286722 rotations per lunar nodal period

hdsol-salka-garop
Huaca del Sol - Salkantay GPS - Garopaba Sambaqui
mer = 0.2727935 moon earth ratio, mean diameters

apus
Relationships of these apus provides context for the monument relationships.

huasc-tarat-sallq
Huascarán GPS - Tarata Summit - Cerro Sallqantay
great circle bearings @ tarat = 180.161°
Expedición Científica al Huascarán 2017
The Huascaran coordinates are the most accurate in my entire dataset.
Note: This is an unusual coincidence with uncertain accuracy of margins of error. The margins of error for Tarata Summit and Cerro Sallqantay are both not quantified. Both coordinates rely to some extent on digital elevation models from satellite data. In the apus folder below I illustrate how the current tarat datum was refined using photography. Cerro Sallqantay had a rock collapse in historic time, slightly altering the summit and peak elevation.

huasc-pumas
Huascarán GPS - Pumasillo
bearing huasc-pumas 131.78401° = 0.366067 cir
ld = 0.0366010 lunar orbits per day

huasc-ailli
Huascarán GPS - Apu Illimani GPS
mer = 0.2727935 moon earth ratio, mean diameters

ranra-mwayn
Ranrapalca - Waynapicchu
Ranrapalca - Nevado Tarata GE - Waynapicchu
ranra-tarat-mwayn great circle bearings @ tarat = 179.933°

nevado tarata
Contents of this folder were used to refine the summit datum.
Precise GPS data of the remote and rarely climbed peak was not found online, so I combined the available digital elevation model (DEM) and a grid overlay to view the folds in the model, then located the camera positions of online photographs and tesselated lines to the summit to analyze the likeliest summit position, thereby reducing margin of error in the previous ntara datum. The new tarat datum shifted the position about nineteen meters west of the peak indicated by the low resolution DEM.

tarat
Tarata Summit
-10.531083
-75.931509

cameras
Huaguruncho
Wikimedia Commons  -  2,560 × 1,920 pixels

tarat grid
Nevado Tarata

ntara grid

ne fold

n-s line

e-w line